![]() ![]() During the perinatal period to 6 years of age, this risk decreases to 30% and adolescence is associated with a one to 12% risk. At birth, 80-90% of babies born to HBeAg positive mothers will become chronically infected. 5 The risk of developing chronic infection is associated with age of acquisition. HBV carriers are 100 times at risk of developing hepatocellular carcinoma. 4Ĭhronic infection can lead to liver cirrhosis and associated complications from decompensated liver disease. 3 In Canada, it is estimated that between 0.7 to 0.9 percent of the population are chronically infected and 5 percent have been infected in their lives. 2 Perinatal transmission has been estimated to account for 35-50% of chronic HBV carriers in China. Vertical transmission remains a main source of persistence of HBV, particularly in endemic countries such as China, Southeast Asia and sub-Saharan Africa. 1 Modes of transmission include horizontal, via contaminated blood products, injection drug use and sexual contact as well as vertical from mother to child. Recommendation for antiviral use in third trimester in mothers whose HBV VL is greater than 1 × 10 6 copies/mL.Ĭhronic Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is estimated to affect 350-360 million worldwide and one third of the world’s population has serologic evidence of infection, past or present. In conclusion, HBV vertical transmission is preventable through use of immunoprophylaxis and antiviral medications. All have shown significant reduction in viral loads and vertical transmission and have favorable safety profiles. Three antivirals have been studied in pregnancy: lamivudine, telbivudine, and tenovofir. Combination vaccine and hepatitis B immunoglobulin given at birth reduces risk of transmission, as does HBIG given to mothers in the third trimester. High HBV viral load and presence of HBeAg increases risk of transmission. Mechanisms of vertical transmission include intrauterine and perinatal transfer of virus. The aim of this article is to provide a concise review of the mechanisms and risk factors involved in vertical transmission, as well as prophylactic strategies using immunoprophylaxis and antiviral medications. ![]() Despite newborn immunoprophylaxis, vertical transmission may still occur in 1-14%. The leading cause of acquisition is vertical transmission from an infected mother to the newborn. ![]() Hepatitis B is a chronic viral infection of the liver leading to complications including cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Our journal seeks to publish articles on basic clinical care and translational research focused on preventing rather than treating the complications of end-stage liver disease. Topics covered by AoH include alcoholic liver disease, autoimmune hepatitis, biliary diseases, drug-induced liver injury, genetic liver diseases, NAFLD/NASH and viral hepatitis (HAV, HBV, HCV, HDV, HEV). AoH publishes editorials, opinions, concise reviews, original articles, brief reports, letters to the editor, news from affiliated associations, clinical practice guidelines and summaries of congresses in the field of Hepatology. It is the official journal of the Mexican Association of Hepatology ( AMH), the Latin American Association for the Study of the Liver ( ALEH), the Canadian Association for the Study of the Liver ( CASL) and the Czech Society of Hepatology ( CSH). Annals of Hepatology (AoH) is an international, open access journal published bi-monthly with funds from the Fundación Clínica Médica Sur. ![]()
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